{
  "_note": "The reading panels ('binders') on missileer.watch, in this order (ruled 2026-09-25): The message, The network, The capsule, The crew, The missile sites, The missile, The device, Who built this. Plain text only: every string is escaped when rendered, no HTML. The one exception: in paragraphs, the contact address hello@missileer.watch (whitelisted in assets/app.js, MAILTO) is drawn as a plain mailto link showing the address; no other link is made. tab: phosphor | amber | rack | rack2 | ink2 | red (red is Who built this only). flip: image on the left on wide screens. image_first_narrow: in the one-column layout (820 px and below) the image goes full width between the title and the copy instead of below the copy (The crew, The missile). Every binder draws, in this order (ruled 2026-09-26): tab, title, copy + photo row, interactive pieces (drawings, scale drawing, counter, timeline, device, maps, The network's What else you'll hear, The message's Copy it yourself), SOURCES, then a coda if it has one. map: net | wings adds that map as a full-width figure (content/net-map.json, content/wings-map.json). draft: true draws one line, 'Draft pending'. sources: the binder's SOURCES block, one line each, cited by name and path the way ref does (no links into private repos); a web article by title, author, unit, date and URL, retrieved 2026-09-25 and not fetched by the build. positions (The message only): the legend the headline's character cells read, exactly three entries as ruled 2026-09-25: PREAMBLE (1-6), BODY (7 to the end) and NOT HEARD (any cell whose character is ?). The body is not subdivided. The message draws, after its copy: Copy it yourself, then SOURCES (ruled 2026-09-29; What else you'll hear moved out 2026-10-01). hear_one (titled WHAT ELSE YOU'LL HEAR; its lead is the one-line lead-in above its rows) is The network's since 2026-10-01 (landing-text ruling, item 2): after its map, before its SOURCES. The live copy of the headline message it once drew (its cells, key, legend lines and HEAR IT) was removed 2026-09-29: the headline's own LATEST EAM panel does that. The message's paragraphs are the ruled copy of 2026-10-01 (its _copy says so). _cites (each binder whose copy came with the 2026-10-01 ruling): one entry per sentence, the source and the page or quote it rests on, or 'ours' for a line about this site itself; not drawn. timeline (The crew only): a list of {time, label, note}; the copy can be replaced without touching code. 'Who built this' is Daniel's own copy, verbatim. drawing (The capsule; The missile): a HAER sheet with tap labels. The capsule's is HAER CO-84 sheet 4, drawn full width after the copy and photo as the figure #haer-sheet4 (a URL ending #haer-sheet4 scrolls to it); src/width/height is the web copy, labels the file of its labels (content/capsule-sheet4.json, each a button over the drawing), caption the HAER citation, source_note the sheet's own source note, verbatim. reviewed (The capsule only): who fact-checked the binder's copy ({by, date, scope}), drawn as the last line inside its opened SOURCES, 'Copy reviewed by <by>, <date>'; scope is kept here, not drawn. map_inset (The missile sites): a static image shown beside the map (stacked above it at 820 px and below, so the map's caption is followed by SOURCES; 2026-10-06), with its caption; the NPS map of the Minuteman fields. The map's own caption (ruled 2026-10-06, Binder 5 map caption) is drawn by assets/app.js: three legend lines (shortened 2026-10-07), then a closed <details>, 'How this map was drawn', with the Not drawn list, 'Fields not drawn site by site' (the fields with no mark on the map) and the caption text; every other field's years are in its popup. The missile only (ruled 2026-09-25): anchor gives the section an id (#the-missile; the wings map's flight panels link to it). facts: the USAF fact sheet's own words, each {value, quote, source, ft?}; fact_sources: the fact sheet versions they come from (docs/sources/lgm30g-fact-sheet.md). In Daniel's copy (paragraphs), [FS key] is replaced by facts[key].value, marked as a fact-sheet figure with its quote as its title; an unknown key is left on the page as [FS key], so a gap shows and is never guessed. scale: the scale drawing, the missile's outline from facts.length and facts.diameter beside one picked reference, with its parts file (content/minuteman-parts.json). counter: the seven-segment day counter, lit --phosphor. coda: the binder's last line, drawn after SOURCES whether or not the copy is a draft. Nothing about launch procedure, timing, targeting or what the crew does after a message goes in this binder. The missile's drawing is HAER SD-50-C sheet 1's cut-away axonometric, figure #haer-sd50c (id: the figure id; place 'after': below the binder's other figures instead of at the top), labels in content/missile-sd50c-axon.json (a label with null leader_end has no leader on the sheet: it is boxed only), and beside: a static image shown next to it (the sheet's site plan) with its own caption. Under 700 px (ruled 2026-10-01, sheets on phones) a drawing has no tap labels and no label list: it shows its detail, a crop of the web copy fit to width (detail.file, in public/drawings/; detail.box [x0, y0, x1, y1] in the web copy's pixels, the box tools/build-drawing-details.py records and cuts, printed in the source line; detail.width/height the crop's size; detail.alt), with FULL DRAWING under it, which opens the whole sheet in the viewer; the site plan beside is shown whole with its own FULL DRAWING; and caption_narrow, a sentence naming the parts worth knowing (Delta-09: and one saying what is left to the full drawing), is added to the caption. Part names in every drawing caption (ruled 2026-10-01): the sheet's printed label first, in lower case, with our word after it in brackets where ours differs, e.g. 'launcher closure (the silo's door)'. At 700 px and up nothing of this is drawn. exploded (The missile): the exploded view traced from HD 2001 p.34 (content/mm3-exploded.json), each part a button with its card at 700 px and up; under 700 px the whole drawing fit to width, not interactive, with FULL DRAWING under it; it is one of the binder's interactive pieces (inter). keys (The crew only, ruled 2026-09-29): From the message to the keys, the first of The crew's interactive pieces, directly under its photo row; its own _note says how it draws. A binder with \"hidden\": true is left out of the page and of /sources, and the binders after it are numbered on (ruled 2026-10-07: The device, hidden until the device is ready; delete the flag to bring it back).",
  "_sources_note": "SOURCES and photo credits (ruled 2026-09-25). A binder's sources render as one collapsed line, 'SOURCES · N ▸', that opens in place, with a link to its section on /sources (sources.html), which lists every binder's sources and photo credit from this file (and the maps' own source data), grouped by binder in this order; the anchor is the heading, lower case, non-letters as hyphens (#the-capsule). An entry is a string, or a HAER sheet as {title, sheet, year, url, full}: the binder shows title · sheet · year · link, and /sources shows full (the whole citation, with the call number) and the link. No binder has a ref line: what the old ones cited is in sources. image: caption, then an optional caption_source line, then credit (the photo's credit, USAF release ID where known); full: {src, width, height}, the larger copy the viewer opens on click (assets/img/full/, where an original of a sensible size is kept unchanged; never docs/, which is not published), loaded only then; the photos' provenance is in docs/photos/SOURCES.md. sources_retired: citations the page no longer uses, listed on /sources under 'No longer used', not deleted.",
  "binders": [
    {
      "tab": "phosphor",
      "label": "Binder 1",
      "heading": "The message",
      "_copy": "Ruled 2026-10-01 (landing-page text changes from the design board, item 1): the three paragraphs as ruled, verbatim. They replace the placeholder format paragraphs and the Carter paragraph of 2026-09-26. Per-sentence sources: _cites.",
      "_cites": [
        "P1 S1 'The top section of this site allows you to monitor and listen to Emergency Action Messages (EAMs).': ours (this site's own panels).",
        "P1 S2 the Carter quotation: Carter, Scientific American 252, no. 1 (January 1985), p. 35: 'The Emergency Action Message, or \"go code,\" is a short, preformatted, encrypted message.' A short attributed quotation from a copyrighted article (PROVENANCE ruling 13), checked word for word against the article.",
        "P1 S3 'Preformatted is what you can hear: the same shape every time.': ours, from our observations (docs/eam-format-observed-2026-09-23.md, valar-eam-feed).",
        "P2 S1-S2 the EAM's shape (net call, preamble three times with standby, message follows, the string, I say again, once more): our observations (docs/eam-format-observed-2026-09-23.md); external references, secondary (docs/eam-format-references.md).",
        "P2 S3 'Our receivers copy each one off air and a transcriber turns it into the text above.': ours (this site's station).",
        "P3 S1 'Nobody outside the force can decode an EAM.': kept as ruled; Carter p. 35 calls the message 'encrypted'.",
        "P3 S2 '... if a launch order ever came, it would arrive as one of these ...': HD 2001 p. 7, 'When a valid emergency action message (EAM) directing launch is received at the LCC'. '... and in the same form you can hear here': Carter 1985, p. 35, 'The Emergency Action Message, or \"go code,\" is a short, preformatted, encrypted message.' (ruled 2026-10-01, replacing 'and sound exactly like this')."
      ],
      "paragraphs": [
        "The top section of this site allows you to monitor and listen to Emergency Action Messages (EAMs). An EAM is, in the words of a 1985 Scientific American article by Ashton Carter, \"a short, preformatted, encrypted message.\" Preformatted is what you can hear: the same shape every time.",
        "An EAM opens with the net call, then the six-character preamble read three times with \"standby,\" then \"message follows,\" then the full string. Then \"I say again,\" and the whole thing once more. Our receivers copy each one off air and a transcriber turns it into the text above.",
        "Nobody outside the force can decode an EAM. All you can do is hear it — and if a launch order ever came, it would arrive as one of these and in the same form you can hear here."
      ],
      "sources": [
        "Our own observations (two messages): the EAM format as heard, first transcribed by ear from 1502Z 23 SEP 2026.",
        "Our notes on external references, each marked secondary and unverified against our audio.",
        "Ashton B. Carter, \"The Command and Control of Nuclear War,\" Scientific American 252, no. 1 (January 1985): 32–39. Print. One quoted phrase plus paraphrase; no images from the article.",
        "HD 2001: Minuteman Weapon System History and Description, prepared for the ICBM System Program Office, Hill AFB, Utah, by TRW, July 2001, p. 7 (the printed page number): an order to launch reaches the launch control center as an emergency action message. Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by Hans M. Kristensen."
      ],
      "positions": {
        "rows": [
          {
            "from": 1,
            "to": 6,
            "name": "PREAMBLE",
            "says": "The six characters that identify the message. A rebroadcast carries the same six."
          },
          {
            "from": 7,
            "to": null,
            "name": "BODY",
            "says": "The rest of the message as read. Its length varies from message to message. What the characters mean is not public, and this site does not guess."
          },
          {
            "char": "?",
            "name": "NOT HEARD",
            "says": "We couldn't make out this character."
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "tab": "amber",
      "label": "Binder 2",
      "heading": "The network",
      "map": "net",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Emergency Action Messages are the coded traffic of the US nuclear forces, read aloud in the phonetic alphabet on the High Frequency Global Communications System. The primary frequency is 11175 kHz, upper sideband, and anyone with a shortwave radio can hear it.",
        "Why shortwave? HF bounces off the ionosphere, so one transmitter reaches thousands of miles with nothing in between. Its weakness is the same sky: a nuclear burst floods the ionosphere with electrons and HF gets absorbed instead of reflected. So HFGCS is one path among several. It's the one you can hear, and because every message is encrypted, hearing it is all anyone outside the force can do."
      ],
      "hear_one": {
        "_note": "HEAR ONE (ruled 2026-09-28): the picker drawn in place of The message's paragraph 3. Since 2026-09-29 it is titled WHAT ELSE YOU'LL HEAR; since 2026-10-01 (landing-text ruling, item 2) it is The network's, after the net map and before SOURCES, its insides unchanged; lead is the one-line lead-in above its rows; it is listen-only, and its EAM row carries a small 'copy this one ↑', an in-page link (#cy) that loads that message into Copy it yourself (The message, above), selects it in the picker and scrolls there (drawn only when Copy it yourself can take it: timed, more than the preamble). One row per entry of rows, in this order: name, desc, then PLAY, duration, date and receiver of the recording data/examples.json names for its type ([{type, id, chosen_by, date, start_offset_s?}], every id picked by Daniel by ear; served at /data/examples.json, ruled 2026-09-28), resolved against archive.json. PLAY starts at the recording's voice_start_s, plus the example's start_offset_s when it has one (the radio check: -2), never before 0. copy: true draws the message's copy under it in the ALL MESSAGES row layout (the EAM row only: other rows show no text, since transcripts of two-way traffic carry callsigns). A row with no id in examples.json plays nothing and is dimmed, with its unheard line, else 'Pick pending.'. count: true writes the unheard line once as 'Not heard on this station yet — 0 in N recordings since <date>.' from status.json's recordings_total and first_recording_at, and as 'Not heard on this station yet.' when status.json has neither. One <audio>: the bar at the top plays the row last tapped, from its voice_start_s. The descriptions are paragraph 3's sentences verbatim (net traffic's for the two-way traffic row; Skyking's without its last clause), except EAM's and 8888's, ruled 2026-09-28.",
        "examples": "data/examples.json",
        "lead": "Not everything on the HFGCS net is an EAM, and only EAMs are copied here. These are the other things you'll hear, with one example of each.",
        "rows": [
          { "type": "eam", "name": "EAM", "copy": true, "desc": "A six-character preamble, then the full string of characters, read twice. The station copies it character by character." },
          { "type": "radio-check", "name": "Radio check", "desc": "A radio check is a station counting up and down to test the circuit." },
          { "type": "auth", "name": "Authentication", "desc": "An authentication exchange is two stations trading letter groups." },
          { "type": "traffic", "name": "Two-way traffic", "desc": "Net traffic is ordinary operator calls: check-ins, check-outs, phone patches." },
          { "type": "8888", "name": "8888", "desc": "A message shape the station has heard but not yet confirmed by ear.", "unheard": "Not confirmed on this station yet." },
          { "type": "skyking", "name": "Skyking", "desc": "A Skyking (\"Skyking, Skyking, do not answer\") is a shorter message that outranks an EAM.", "unheard": "Not heard on this station yet", "count": true }
        ]
      },
      "sources": [
        "Ashton B. Carter, \"The Command and Control of Nuclear War,\" Scientific American 252, no. 1 (January 1985): 32–39. Print. One quoted phrase plus paraphrase; no images from the article.",
        "Number Stations Research, \"The HF-GCS and Emergency Action Messages\", numbers-stations.com/usa/hfgcs/ (accessed 24 SEP 2026): the net, its sites and its primary frequency. Secondary; facts only, in our own words.",
        "U.S. Air Force, Grand Forks AFB, \"319th CS hosts High Frequency Global Communications System open house\" (2 June 2023), grandforks.af.mil/News/Display/Article/3415740/ (read from the Internet Archive capture of 10 April 2026): HFGCS is an Air Force system, operated at Grand Forks AFB and Joint Base Andrews.",
        "Priyom, \"HFGCS\", priyom.org/military-stations/united-states/hfgcs. Secondary: a listener reference, read 2026-09-28; paraphrased.",
        "NEET INTEL, \"HFGCS FAQ\", neetintel.github.io/hfgcs_faq.html. Secondary: a listener reference, read 2026-09-28; paraphrased.",
        "Milcom Monitoring Post, \"What are Emergency Action Messages (EAM)?\", mt-milcom.blogspot.com/p/what-is-emergency-action-message-or-eam.html. Secondary: a listener reference, read 2026-09-28; paraphrased.",
        "Skyking format: Number Stations Research, \"The HF-GCS and Emergency Action Messages\", numbers-stations.com/usa/hfgcs/ (the NSRIC HFGCS page; it cites the National Park Service and the CIA CREST reading room). Secondary, unverified against our audio."
      ]
    },
    {
      "tab": "rack",
      "label": "Binder 3",
      "heading": "The capsule",
      "flip": true,
      "_copy": "Paragraph 1 ruled 2026-10-01 (landing-text ruling, item 3), verbatim; paragraphs 2 and 3 as reviewed 2026-09-25. Per-sentence sources for paragraph 1: _cites.",
      "_cites": [
        "P1 S1 'The messages you can hear above are meant for rooms like this one.': HD 2001 p. 3, a command post 'will pass a coded message via its communications system to one or more of the Launch Control Centers (LCCs) under its jurisdiction' (ruled 2026-10-01).",
        "P1 S2 'a command post passes it down': HD 2001 p. 3 (above). 'the console takes it in': REACT fact sheet, 'The HAC/RMPE integrates all higher authority communications'; HD 2001 p. 3, the REACT HAC/RMPE 'for message receipt, processing, generation, and transmission'. 'the crew acts on it': HD 2001 p. 7, 'the two Missile Combat Crew Members (MCCMs) take the required actions'.",
        "P1 S3 'If an order to launch ever came, this is how it would arrive.': HD 2001 p. 7, 'When a valid emergency action message (EAM) directing launch is received at the LCC'."
      ],
      "paragraphs": [
        "The messages you can hear above are meant for rooms like this one. The capsule is where an EAM lands: a command post passes it down, the console takes it in, and the crew acts on it. If an order to launch ever came, this is how it would arrive.",
        "Sixty feet down, behind an eight-ton blast door, two officers sit a 24-hour alert in a room the size of a school bus.",
        "The crew commander sits left, the deputy right. Between them: the launch control console, the printers, the phones, and the shelf of procedures that governs every minute."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1",
          "sheet": "sheet 3 of 4, \"Launch Control Center\"",
          "year": "1997",
          "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=3",
          "full": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1 (NPS, 1997; Library of Congress, HAER COLO,62-NERAY.V,1-, loc.gov/item/co0475), sheet 3 of 4, \"Launch Control Center\": sections A, B and C and the floor plan of the capsule, its acoustical enclosure and consoles. loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=3"
        },
        {
          "title": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1",
          "sheet": "sheet 4 of 4, \"Perspective\"",
          "year": "1997",
          "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=4",
          "full": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1 (NPS, 1997; Library of Congress, HAER COLO,62-NERAY.V,1-, loc.gov/item/co0475), sheet 4 of 4, \"Perspective\": the launch control center in cutaway, under the support building; the drawing above, and the 57'-0\" dimension beside its access shaft. loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=4"
        },
        {
          "title": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1",
          "sheet": "sheet 2 of 4, \"Site Plan\"",
          "year": "1997",
          "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=2",
          "full": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1 (NPS, 1997; Library of Congress, HAER COLO,62-NERAY.V,1-, loc.gov/item/co0475), sheet 2 of 4, \"Site Plan\": where the underground launch control capsule sits on the site. loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=2"
        },
        "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation,\" 2nd Lt. Christen Downing, 90th Missile Wing Public Affairs, 29 March 2013. https://www.warren.af.mil/News/Features/Article/333228/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-missileer-preparation/ (retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build)",
        "\"Missile alert facility life: 60 feet under,\" Airman 1st Class Dillon Johnston, 341st Missile Wing Public Affairs, 18 April 2015. https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/585408/missile-alert-facility-life-60-feet-under/ (retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build)",
        "HD 2001: Minuteman Weapon System History and Description, prepared for the ICBM System Program Office, Hill AFB, Utah, by TRW, July 2001, pp. 3, 7 (the printed page numbers): a command post passes a coded message to the launch control centers under it (p. 3); a valid emergency action message directing launch is received at the launch control center and the crew takes the required actions (p. 7). Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by Hans M. Kristensen.",
        "REACT fact sheet: Rapid Execution and Combat Targeting (REACT), program fact sheet, ESC / SMC-Det 10, c. 1996–97; a US Government work, archived by FAS. https://nuke.fas.org/guide/usa/c3i/react.htm (retrieved 2026-09-29, not fetched by the build)",
        "Photo: U.S. Air Force photo/Master Sgt. Lance Cheung, 18 August 2006, released with ID 060818-F-2907C-752 (1st Lt. John Manibusan and 2nd Lt. Trey Marshall, 740th Missile Squadron, launch control center B-1, Minot AFB, North Dakota). Public domain. http://www.af.mil/News/Photos.aspx?igphoto=2000541627 ; Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Missile_Combat_Crew_on_alert.jpg (retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build)"
      ],
      "reviewed": {
        "by": "Daniel",
        "date": "2026-09-25",
        "scope": "capsule copy: blast door weight, room size, commander left / deputy right, console/printers/phones/procedures"
      },
      "drawing": {
        "id": "haer-sheet4",
        "src": "assets/img/haer-co84-sheet4-perspective.png",
        "width": 2400,
        "height": 1689,
        "labels": "content/capsule-sheet4.json",
        "alt": "HAER CO-84 sheet 4, Perspective: a cutaway drawing of launch control facility November-1, the support building on the surface and, below it, the access shaft, the launch control equipment building and the launch control center, with their labels",
        "caption": "Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, Weld County, Colorado. HAER CO-84, sheet 4 of 4, 'Perspective', delineated by Clayton B. Fraser, 1997. National Park Service, Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress HAER COLO,62-NERAY.V,1-). Public domain.",
        "source_note": "TAKEN FROM LAUNCH CONTROL FACILITY INSTALLATION DRAWING BY BOEING, SEATTLE, 1986; AND MAF ISOMETRIC BY U.S. AIR FORCE, F.E. WARREN AIR FORCE BASE, 1996.",
        "caption_narrow": "The parts worth knowing: the launch control center, the launch control equipment building, the launch control support building, the escape tube and the access shaft.",
        "detail": {
          "file": "haer-co84-sheet4-detail.jpg",
          "box": [238, 860, 1140, 1450],
          "width": 902,
          "height": 590,
          "alt": "Detail of HAER CO-84 sheet 4, Perspective: the launch control center cut away, the escape tube leaving it and the foot of the access shaft above it, with their labels"
        }
      },
      "image": {
        "src": "assets/img/capsule-react-console.jpg",
        "width": 1100,
        "height": 718,
        "full": {
          "src": "assets/img/full/capsule-react-console.jpg",
          "width": 1200,
          "height": 783
        },
        "alt": "Two missile combat crew officers in dark blue uniforms at a launch control console; red digital clock above the panel.",
        "caption": "A missile combat crew on alert. The red clock above the binders keeps Zulu time — the time every message to the capsule is written in. The crew checks it every day against the U.S. Naval Observatory's master clock, to the second.",
        "caption_source": "Clock detail: Daniel Frenkel, 321st Missile Squadron, 2012–2016.",
        "credit": "A combat crew at a REACT console, F.E. Warren AFB, Wyoming. U.S. Air Force photo (090413-F-1234S-007), National Museum of the United States Air Force. Public domain."
      }
    },
    {
      "tab": "rack2",
      "label": "Binder 4",
      "heading": "The crew",
      "flip": true,
      "image_first_narrow": true,
      "_copy": "Ruled 2026-10-01 (landing-text ruling, item 4): the drafted copy, less every sentence no source in the register supports (cut whole, never reworded; the PR lists each cut and why). Per-sentence sources: _cites.",
      "_cites": [
        "P1 S1 'A missile combat crew is two officers, a commander and a deputy.': 'A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation' (2013), 'Missile combat crews are made up of two missileers, a commander and a deputy.'; AF LGM-30G fact sheet (2019), 'Launch crews, consisting of two officers'.",
        "P1 S2 'They go to the field together, take the capsule over from the crew before them, and hold it for 24 hours.': 'Preparation' (2013): 'preparing for their trip to the missile field'; 'the crew is ready to depart for the MAF'; 'They work with the off-going crew to perform changeover ... Olson and Alam sign for their alert and custody of the 10 ICBMs.'; 'The alerts are 24 hours'.",
        "P2 S1 'The day has a shape.': SAC guide p. 10, 'Although all alerts are somewhat different, there are some common events which occur on the days crewmembers are scheduled for alert duty.'; 'Preparation' (2013) gives that day by the clock (7:30 a.m., 8 a.m. mass brief, on site around noon, changeover about one hour).",
        "P3 S1 'When a message comes in, both officers have to agree it is authentic before anything else happens.': NPS HRS p. 115, 'a message that the crew had to authenticate. After they agreed that the message was authentic ...'; HD 2001 p. 7, 'When a valid emergency action message (EAM) directing launch is received at the LCC'. The same sources as From the message to the keys, beat 2.",
        "Cut (no source in the register states it): 'A mass brief on base, a drive out to the launch control facility, a changeover at the console.' ('at the console'); 'Then the alert: checks, messages, maintenance calls, and waiting.' ('maintenance calls', 'waiting'); 'The crew that relieves them starts the same cycle.'; 'That is the whole point of there being two of them.'"
      ],
      "paragraphs": [
        "A missile combat crew is two officers, a commander and a deputy. They go to the field together, take the capsule over from the crew before them, and hold it for 24 hours.",
        "The day has a shape.",
        "When a message comes in, both officers have to agree it is authentic before anything else happens."
      ],
      "keys": {
        "_note": "FROM THE MESSAGE TO THE KEYS (ruled 2026-09-29; text approved by Daniel, Q1-Q5, from docs/copy/keys-section.md, PR #74). Drawn in The crew directly under its photo row, before the timeline and before The missile sites' aerials: the photo (DVIDS 2406843) and its caption, then the heading, then the six beats in monospace. Museum level in, checklist level out. Each beat is {title, text, cite}: text is the beat's sentences as approved, verbatim; cite is the beat's citations, drawn as one source line under it, each key the opening words of one of The crew's sources (the full citation is there and on /sources). A beat with no cite is our own voice and states no sourced fact (6). No sentence may be added without a cited source.",
        "heading": "From the message to the keys",
        "image": {
          "src": "assets/img/90mw-e01-key-turns-2016.jpg",
          "width": 1100,
          "height": 845,
          "full": {
            "src": "assets/img/full/90mw-e01-key-turns-2016-02-09-usaf-wiese.jpg",
            "width": 2000,
            "height": 1536
          },
          "alt": "Two missile combat crew officers in flight suits and headsets sit at their consoles in a launch control center, each reaching an arm out to the panel in front of them.",
          "caption": "A missile combat crew commander, 319th Missile Squadron, and her deputy commander simulate key turns of the Minuteman III weapon system in the E-01 Launch Control Center, F.E. Warren Air Force Base missile complex, Wyoming, 9 February 2016.",
          "credit": "U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Jason Wiese, 90th Missile Wing. VIRIN 160209-F-BR137-127. Public domain."
        },
        "beats": [
          {
            "title": "The message",
            "text": "An order reaches the capsule as an emergency action message, an EAM. A command post passes the coded message to the launch control centers under it. In the capsule the message comes in through the console's communications element, which handles messages from higher authority and processes emergency action messages. It is the same kind of message you can copy above.",
            "cite": [
              "HD 2001 p. 7",
              "HD 2001 p. 3",
              "REACT fact sheet"
            ]
          },
          {
            "title": "Authenticate",
            "text": "Before acting, the crew has to authenticate the message. Only when both officers agree the message is authentic do they go on.",
            "cite": [
              "NPS HRS p. 115",
              "HD 2001 p. 7"
            ]
          },
          {
            "title": "Two officers, two keys",
            "text": "The system was built so that no single person could launch a missile. A crew is two officers, a commander and a deputy, and each has a launch key. In the Cold War capsule preserved at Delta-01, the two key switches were 12 feet apart. The console is the REACT system, fitted in 1995 and 1996. In the 2016 photograph above, the two officers sit side by side at the console, each at their own panel; the Air Force caption says they are simulating key turns. The launch switches are on separate panels of that console, and the keys are still turned together.",
            "cite": [
              "NPS HRS p. 85",
              "HAER CO-84 p. 10",
              "NMUSAF \"Missile Combat Crews\"",
              "SAC guide p. 7",
              "NPS TwHP, Reading 3",
              "HD 2001 pp. 20, 24",
              "DVIDS 2406843",
              "DVIDS 2991929",
              "HD 2001 p. 7"
            ]
          },
          {
            "title": "Two capsules",
            "text": "One crew's keys are not enough, because the system was also built so that no single crew could launch. Normally a second capsule has to vote as well. Without that corroborating signal from another launch control center, the missile does not launch.",
            "cite": [
              "NPS HRS p. 85",
              "HD 2001 p. 7",
              "DVIDS 2406843",
              "DVIDS 2991929",
              "NPS HRS p. 115"
            ]
          },
          {
            "title": "What a capsule reaches",
            "text": "Each capsule has primary control of the ten missiles in its flight. Five flights make a squadron of 50, and each of its five capsules can command and monitor all 50. Today the force is 400 Minuteman III missiles in three wings: F.E. Warren in Wyoming, Malmstrom in Montana and Minot in North Dakota.",
            "cite": [
              "HD 2001 p. 7",
              "NPS HRS p. 28",
              "AF LGM-30G fact sheet, current as of February 2019"
            ]
          },
          {
            "title": "How many?",
            "text": "That's in the order. Nobody outside the force knows, and we don't guess."
          }
        ]
      },
      "sources": [
        "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation,\" 2nd Lt. Christen Downing, 90th Missile Wing Public Affairs, 29 March 2013. https://www.warren.af.mil/News/Features/Article/333228/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-missileer-preparation/ (retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build)",
        "\"Missile alert facility life: 60 feet under,\" Airman 1st Class Dillon Johnston, 341st Missile Wing Public Affairs, 18 April 2015. https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/585408/missile-alert-facility-life-60-feet-under/ (retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build)",
        "NPS HRS: National Park Service, The Missile Plains: Frontline of America's Cold War, Historic Resource Study, Minuteman Missile National Historic Site (Mead & Hunt, 2003), pp. 28, 85, 115 (the printed page numbers). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-I29-PURL-gpo247167/pdf/GOVPUB-I29-PURL-gpo247167.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-28, not fetched by the build)",
        "HD 2001: Minuteman Weapon System History and Description, prepared for the ICBM System Program Office, Hill AFB, Utah, by TRW, July 2001, pp. 3, 7, 20, 24 (the printed page numbers). Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by Hans M. Kristensen.",
        "NPS TwHP, Reading 3: National Park Service, Teaching with Historic Places, \"Minuteman Missile National Historic Site: Protecting a Legacy of the Cold War\", Reading 3, \"Silent Soldiers: Missileer Duty\". https://www.nps.gov/articles/minuteman-missile-national-historic-site-protecting-a-legacy-of-the-cold-war-teaching-with-historic-places.htm (retrieved 2026-09-28, not fetched by the build)",
        "NMUSAF \"Missile Combat Crews\": National Museum of the United States Air Force fact sheet. https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197677/missile-combat-crews/ (read from the Internet Archive capture of 8 December 2025; not fetched by the build)",
        "SAC guide p. 7: \"SAC Needs a Few Good Men and Women\": A Guide to ICBM Operations Duty, Air Command and Staff College student report 88-0825, Air University, 1988, p. 7. DTIC; approved for public release.",
        "DVIDS 2406843: \"Maintainers, missileers conduct successful SELM\", photo by Senior Airman Jason Wiese, 90th Missile Wing, 9 February 2016, its caption. https://www.dvidshub.net/image/2406843 (read 2026-09-29, not fetched by the build)",
        "REACT fact sheet: Rapid Execution and Combat Targeting (REACT), program fact sheet, ESC / SMC-Det 10, c. 1996–97; a US Government work, archived by FAS. https://nuke.fas.org/guide/usa/c3i/react.htm (retrieved 2026-09-29, not fetched by the build)",
        "HAER CO-84 p. 10: Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1, data pages (NPS, Historic American Engineering Record, 1997), p. 10. https://www.loc.gov/item/co0475/ (retrieved 2026-09-29, not fetched by the build)",
        "DVIDS 2991929: \"Silent Sentinels: 320th MS Missileers\", photo by Staff Sgt. Christopher Ruano, 5 November 2016, its caption. https://www.dvidshub.net/image/2991929 (read 2026-09-29, not fetched by the build)",
        "AF LGM-30G fact sheet, current as of February 2019: U.S. Air Force, \"LGM-30G Minuteman III\". https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104466/lgm-30g-minuteman-iii/ (read from the Internet Archive capture of 31 December 2025; not fetched by the build)",
        "SAC guide p. 10: \"SAC Needs a Few Good Men and Women\": A Guide to ICBM Operations Duty, Air Command and Staff College student report 88-0825, Air University, 1988, p. 10, \"Alert Duty\": the common events of an alert day. DTIC; approved for public release."
      ],
      "timeline": {
        "_note": "A 24-hour alert, in order. {time, label, note}: time is local and as the source gives it (empty when it gives none); note is third person, public facts from the source only. src: the stop's own clock time and durations in the source, quoted verbatim (clock: the time it states for the stop, empty when none; span_h: hours from this stop to the next where the source gives one figure, else null), and its citation (cite), shown under the note while the stop is picked. The longest span_h is the long stretch of the rail (assets/app.js timelineHtml; site.css THE DAY AS A RAIL).",
        "source": "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation\", USAF, 29 March 2013 (F.E. Warren, 321st Missile Squadron).",
        "items": [
          {
            "time": "8 a.m.",
            "label": "Mass brief",
            "note": "All the Airmen going to the field that day are briefed on road conditions, weather, maintenance, the security status of the launch facilities and more. It can take 15 minutes or an hour and a half; mission planning by squadron follows.",
            "src": {
              "cite": "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation\", USAF, 29 March 2013 (F.E. Warren, 321st Missile Squadron).",
              "clock": "8 a.m.",
              "quotes": [
                "The crew has called out to the site to ensure the accuracy of the card and it is now 8 a.m. -- time for mass brief.",
                "After this briefing, which can be as short as 15 minutes or as long as an hour and a half, the group separates into squadrons for mission planning."
              ],
              "span_h": null
            }
          },
          {
            "time": "",
            "label": "Drive",
            "note": "The crew loads the vehicle and drives out to its missile alert facility: over two hours to some, just over an hour to others. Crews generally arrive around noon.",
            "src": {
              "cite": "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation\", USAF, 29 March 2013 (F.E. Warren, 321st Missile Squadron).",
              "clock": "",
              "quotes": [
                "\"The driving time varies to each MAF,\" Olson said. \"Some are over a two-hour drive where others, if you're lucky, are just over an hour.\"",
                "Depending on the distance, the crew will generally arrive on site around noon."
              ],
              "span_h": null
            }
          },
          {
            "time": "",
            "label": "Changeover",
            "note": "Down the elevator, 60 to 100 feet, to the Launch Control Center. With the off-going crew they account for every classified item in the capsule, then sign for the alert and custody of the 10 ICBMs. It takes about an hour.",
            "src": {
              "cite": "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation\", USAF, 29 March 2013 (F.E. Warren, 321st Missile Squadron).",
              "clock": "",
              "quotes": [
                "They work with the off-going crew to perform changeover, where they account for every classified item in the capsule. [...] This process takes about one hour."
              ],
              "span_h": 1
            }
          },
          {
            "time": "",
            "label": "Alert",
            "note": "The alert itself is 24 hours.",
            "src": {
              "cite": "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation\", USAF, 29 March 2013 (F.E. Warren, 321st Missile Squadron).",
              "clock": "",
              "quotes": [
                "\"The alerts are 24 hours, but you get to base pretty early the day of your alert.\""
              ],
              "span_h": 24
            }
          },
          {
            "time": "",
            "label": "Relieved",
            "note": "The source does not describe this handover. It says a crew is sometimes not back from alert until four or five p.m. the next day.",
            "src": {
              "cite": "\"A day in the life of a missileer: Preparation\", USAF, 29 March 2013 (F.E. Warren, 321st Missile Squadron).",
              "clock": "",
              "quotes": [
                "\"Sometimes you don't get back from alert the next day until four or five p.m., so it's really a lot more than 24 hours.\""
              ],
              "span_h": null
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "image": {
        "src": "assets/img/341mw-lcc-comms-check-2015.jpg",
        "width": 733,
        "height": 1146,
        "full": {
          "src": "assets/img/full/341mw-lcc-comms-check-2015-03-16-usaf-johnston.jpg",
          "width": 4072,
          "height": 6368
        },
        "alt": "Two missile combat crew officers in flight suits stand in a launch control center, seen through the open blast door; one holds a checklist binder. Equipment racks line the left wall and a console with a chair is on the right.",
        "caption": "A flight commander, left, and a deputy flight commander of the 10th Missile Squadron check their communications equipment at a launch control center near Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana, 16 March 2015.",
        "credit": "U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Dillon Johnston, 341st Missile Wing Public Affairs. VIRIN 150316-F-HA826-128. Public domain."
      }
    },
    {
      "tab": "ink2",
      "label": "Binder 5",
      "heading": "The missile sites",
      "map": "wings",
      "_copy": "Ruled 2026-10-01 (landing-text ruling, item 4): the drafted copy, less every sentence no source in the register supports (cut whole, never reworded). Per-sentence sources: _cites.",
      "_cites": [
        "P1 S1 'Today the force is 400 Minuteman III missiles in three wings ...': AF LGM-30G fact sheet (2019), 'The current ICBM force consists of 400 Minuteman III missiles located at the 90th Missile Wing at F.E. Warren AFB, Wyo.; the 341st Missile Wing at Malmstrom AFB, Mont.; and the 91st Missile Wing at Minot AFB, N.D.'",
        "P1 S2 'Each wing is 150 launch facilities and 15 launch control centers spread over thousands of square miles of ranchland.': Sentinel FEIS Vol. I section 2.1.1, p. 2-3, the three wings 'each operates and maintains 15 MAFs and 150 MMIII LFs', and 'Each MAF contains ... the launch control center (LCC)'; sections 2.1.6.1, 2.1.7.1, 2.1.8.1, pp. 2-13, 2-33, 2-40: about 12,600, 13,800 and 8,500 square miles; sections 3.9.1.1.2, 3.9.2.1.2, 3.9.3.1.2, pp. 3-444, 3-453, 3-458: the sites stand in 'undeveloped areas that consist of cropland, grazed rangeland, or grassland'.",
        "P2 S1 'The fields used to be bigger.': NPS, 'Minuteman Missiles on the Great Plains', 'From the mid-1960s until the early 1990s there were 1,000 Minuteman Silos and 100 corresponding Launch Control Facilities'; against the FEIS's three wings of 15 and 150 today.",
        "P2 S2 'The map draws every site we could place from a public-domain source, and no others.': ours (this page's map).",
        "P3 S1 'Look from the public road.': ours (advice).",
        "Cut: 'A launch facility is about an acre inside a chain-link fence, with a hatch in the middle.' (the launcher sits near the south end of the fence: HAER SD-50-C site plan; NPS HRS p. 87); 'Atlas and Titan sites ...: all deactivated, the silos imploded under treaty or sold off, a few kept as museums.' (HAER MT-138: the 564th's sites were secured and inspected, not imploded or sold; no source in the register for the 400th's or the 321st's silos); 'Every one of them is private property or a working military site.' (no source; the museum sites the map draws are neither)."
      ],
      "paragraphs": [
        "Today the force is 400 Minuteman III missiles in three wings: F.E. Warren in Wyoming, Malmstrom in Montana and Minot in North Dakota. Each wing is 150 launch facilities and 15 launch control centers spread over thousands of square miles of ranchland.",
        "The fields used to be bigger. The map draws every site we could place from a public-domain source, and no others.",
        "Look from the public road."
      ],
      "sources": [
        "Base positions (base level): USAF, Sentinel Deployment and Minuteman III Decommissioning and Disposal Final EIS, Vol. I, sections 2.1.6-2.1.8, March 2023.",
        {
          "title": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1",
          "sheet": "sheet 1 of 4, \"Site Map\"",
          "year": "1997",
          "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=1",
          "full": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1 (NPS, 1997; Library of Congress, HAER COLO,62-NERAY.V,1-, loc.gov/item/co0475), sheet 1 of 4, \"Site Map\": F.E. Warren's flights and their boundaries. loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=1"
        },
        "Site coordinates compiled by siloworld.net: siloworld.net/COORDINATES/LOCAL.htm and its Minot file, retrieved 25 SEP 2026.",
        "Malmstrom sites: a coordinate list compiled by Jim Kirk from aerial imagery, personal page, University of Wyoming, asuwlink.uwyo.edu/~jimkirk/malmstrom.html, archived 17 July 2011 (web.archive.org/web/20110717203324/http://asuwlink.uwyo.edu/~jimkirk/malmstrom.html), retrieved 25 SEP 2026. Ids and coordinates only.",
        "Malmstrom 564th Missile Squadron (flights P–T): HAER MT-138, Malmstrom Air Force Base, 564th Missile Squadron (NPS; Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mt0487/), data pages: the years, 1967–2008, and Figure 1, the squadron's site map, the cited check on P–T's positions: all 55 sites matched to within 0.9 km (mean 0.2 km).",
        "Not drawn: Forbes AFB Atlas E sites #8 and #9 (Kansas). siloworld.net's coordinate table and its own map links disagree: #8 table 39.24 N, 95.92 W, link 39.70 N, 95.85 W; #9 table 39.53 N, 95.74 W, link 39.42 N, 95.94 W.",
        "Not drawn: Minot O-01 (the flight O missile alert facility). siloworld.net's coordinate table gives 48.49 N, 101.28 W; its Minot file gives 48.83 N, 101.28 W. Flight O is drawn from its other ten sites.",
        "National Park Service, Minuteman Missile National Historic Site, \"Minuteman Missiles on the Great Plains\" (last updated October 20, 2020), https://www.nps.gov/articles/minuteman-missiles-on-the-great-plains.htm ; its map \"United States Minuteman Missile Wings\", https://www.nps.gov/mimi/planyourvisit/upload/U-S-Minuteman-Missile-Fields.jpg (linked as a 272KB PDF, served as a JPEG). Retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build. The inset beside the map, and the hollow outlines of the deactivated Ellsworth, Grand Forks and Whiteman fields, traced from it.",
        "AF LGM-30G fact sheet, current as of February 2019: U.S. Air Force, \"LGM-30G Minuteman III\": the force today, 400 Minuteman III missiles in three wings. https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104466/lgm-30g-minuteman-iii/ (read from the Internet Archive capture of 31 December 2025; not fetched by the build)",
        "USAF, Sentinel (GBSD) Deployment and Minuteman III Decommissioning and Disposal Final EIS, Vol. I, March 2023 (Air Force Global Strike Command): section 2.1.1, p. 2-3, each wing's 15 missile alert facilities, each with its launch control center, and 150 launch facilities; sections 2.1.6.1, 2.1.7.1 and 2.1.8.1, pp. 2-13, 2-33 and 2-40, the fields' areas (about 12,600, 13,800 and 8,500 square miles); section 3.9, pp. 3-444, 3-453 and 3-458, the land they stand in (cropland, grazed rangeland or grassland).",
        "Ours: \"The map draws every site we could place from a public-domain source, and no others.\" (this page's map) and \"Look from the public road.\" (advice). No external source."
      ],
      "sources_retired": [
        "Field extents from the counties each field spans: USAF, Sentinel Deployment and Minuteman III Decommissioning and Disposal Final EIS, Vol. I, sections 2.1.6-2.1.8, March 2023, with US Census Bureau county outlines (cb_2023_us_county_20m, 2023). Used for the shaded fields and Malmstrom's dotted extent until 2026-09-25; replaced by each wing's flight outlines."
      ],
      "map_inset": {
        "src": "assets/img/nps-minuteman-missile-wings.jpg",
        "width": 640,
        "height": 702,
        "alt": "National Park Service map of the northern Great Plains states: Minuteman missile fields in red near Malmstrom, Minot and F.E. Warren, and in black near Grand Forks, Ellsworth and Whiteman, with a small map of the United States below",
        "caption": "Minuteman missile fields, active (red) and deactivated (black). National Park Service."
      }
    },
    {
      "tab": "rack",
      "label": "Binder 6",
      "heading": "The missile",
      "anchor": "the-missile",
      "_copy": "Ruled 2026-10-01 (landing-text ruling, item 4): the drafted copy, less every sentence no source in the register supports (cut whole, never reworded); 'that slides aside on rails' cut to 'under a launcher closure door', the one rewording the ruling allows. Per-sentence sources: _cites.",
      "_cites": [
        "P1 S1 'The LGM-30G Minuteman III is a three-stage, solid-fuel missile, 59.9 feet long and 5.5 feet across, first deployed in June 1970.': fact sheet (2019), 'Power Plant: three solid-propellant rocket motors; First Stage ...; Second Stage ...; Third Stage ...', 'Diameter: 5.5 feet (1.67 meters)', 'Date deployed: June 1970'; fact sheet (2010), 'Length: 59.9 feet (18 meters)'.",
        "P1 S2 'It stands in a silo on a shock-isolated suspension, under a launcher closure door.': fact sheet (2019), 'Missiles are dispersed in hardened silos'; HD 2001 p. 93, 'the missile suspension system within the launch tube', and p. 7, 'the launcher closure door'; HAER SD-50-C sheet 1, labels MISSILE SUSPENSION SYSTEM, RATTLE SPACE, LAUNCHER CLOSURE; NPS HRS p. 88 (Delta-09), 'three-point suspension system ... large, coil spring-type shock absorbers fixed to the base of the silo'. The shock isolation is stated only for Delta-09, a Minuteman II site.",
        "P2 S1 'Solid fuel is why it can wait.': NPS HRS p. 28, Minuteman I 'was designed to be a \"highly reliable, three-stage, solid-propellant weapon\" that could endure long periods in storage'; p. 31, 'Once activated, the Minuteman missile was always in a state of readiness requiring less maintenance than earlier missiles'; fact sheet (2019), 'significant advances beyond the relatively slow-reacting, liquid-fueled, remotely-controlled ICBMs of the previous generation'.",
        "P2 S2 'There is nothing to pump and nothing to top off.': NPS HRS p. 17, liquid fuel meant 'loading the fuel just prior to launch' and 'a safe system of pumps, storage tanks, and mixing chambers'; p. 26, solid fuels 'eliminating the need for a problematic liquid-fuel system'; fact sheet (2019), three solid-propellant motors.",
        "P3 S1 'Below: the missile at scale, and the Air Force's own exploded view of who built what, from Boeing's body sections to Thiokol's first stage.': HD 2001 p. 34, its contractor colour legend and labels 'BODY SECTION (INSTG II-III) (BOEING)', 'BODY SECTION (INSTG I-II) (BOEING)', 'BODY SECTION (SKIRT) (BOEING)', 'STAGE I MOTOR (THIOKOL)'; 'the missile at scale' is ours (this page's scale drawing).",
        "Cut: 'The missile stays ready for years at a time, and the crew's job is to watch it, not to tend it.' (the sources say 'long periods', never years; the watch-not-tend contrast rests on Minuteman I and II era NPS passages only)."
      ],
      "paragraphs": [
        "The LGM-30G Minuteman III is a three-stage, solid-fuel missile, 59.9 feet long and 5.5 feet across, first deployed in June 1970. It stands in a silo on a shock-isolated suspension, under a launcher closure door.",
        "Solid fuel is why it can wait. There is nothing to pump and nothing to top off.",
        "Below: the missile at scale, and the Air Force's own exploded view of who built what, from Boeing's body sections to Thiokol's first stage."
      ],
      "facts": {
        "_note": "The fact sheet's own words, for the drawing, the counter and [FS key] in the copy. value: what the page prints for [FS key] (the sheet's wording). quote: the sheet's line, verbatim (docs/sources/lgm30g-fact-sheet.md). source: a key of fact_sources. ft: the number the drawing uses, where there is one.",
        "length": {
          "value": "59.9 feet (18 meters)",
          "quote": "Length: 59.9 feet (18 meters)",
          "source": "fs2010",
          "ft": 59.9
        },
        "diameter": {
          "value": "5.5 feet (1.67 meters)",
          "quote": "Diameter: 5.5 feet (1.67 meters)",
          "source": "fs2019",
          "ft": 5.5
        },
        "weight": {
          "value": "79,432 pounds (36,030 kilograms)",
          "quote": "Weight: 79,432 pounds (36,030 kilograms)",
          "source": "fs2019"
        },
        "power_plant": {
          "value": "three solid-propellant rocket motors",
          "quote": "Power Plant: three solid-propellant rocket motors; First Stage ATK refurbished M55A1; Second Stage ATK refurbished SR-19; Third Stage ATK refurbished SR-73",
          "source": "fs2019"
        },
        "deployed": {
          "value": "June 1970",
          "quote": "Date deployed: June 1970, production cessation: December 1978",
          "source": "fs2019"
        },
        "active_force": {
          "value": "400",
          "quote": "Inventory: active force, 400; Reserve, 0; ANG, 0",
          "source": "fs2019"
        },
        "crew": {
          "value": "two officers",
          "quote": "Launch crews, consisting of two officers, perform around-the-clock alert in the launch control center.",
          "source": "fs2019"
        }
      },
      "fact_sources": {
        "fs2019": {
          "title": "USAF fact sheet, \"LGM-30G Minuteman III\" (Air Force Global Strike Command), current as of February 2019",
          "url": "https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104466/lgm-30g-minuteman-iii/",
          "archived": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251231163055/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104466/lgm-30g-minuteman-iii/",
          "captured": "2025-12-31",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-25"
        },
        "fs2010": {
          "title": "USAF fact sheet, \"LGM-30G Minuteman III\", posted 26 July 2010 (the last version found that gives the length)",
          "url": "http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=113",
          "archived": "https://web.archive.org/web/20121214014142/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=113",
          "captured": "2012-12-14",
          "retrieved": "2026-09-25"
        }
      },
      "scale": {
        "_note": "The scale drawing: one scale throughout (1 ft = 10 drawing units), everything standing on one baseline. The missile is the OUTLINE of facts.length x facts.diameter and nothing else: the fact sheet gives no stage lengths and no nose shape, so neither is drawn, and nothing inside it. references: the reader picks one (the first is the default). height: drawn as a line figure; depth: drawn as a dimension from the baseline up to ft, its top marked SURFACE. tag: the lines printed beside it. base: a depth's label at the baseline (what its bottom is). section: a list of levels ({ft down from the top, text verbatim from the sheet}) drawn as ticks on one line, the level named in base on the baseline; source cites the sheet for every tick; title is printed over the line. says: the line under the drawing while it is picked.",
        "references": [
          {
            "id": "person",
            "label": "Person",
            "ft": 6,
            "kind": "height",
            "tag": [
              "6 FT"
            ],
            "says": "A person 6 ft (1.83 m) tall, for scale."
          },
          {
            "id": "capsule",
            "label": "Capsule",
            "ft": 57,
            "kind": "depth",
            "tag": [
              "57'-0\"",
              "CAPSULE"
            ],
            "says": "57'-0\": how deep the launch control center (the capsule) is, surface to the bottom of the structure, as HAER CO-84 sheet 4 dimensions it (November-1, a Minuteman III launch control facility, 1997).",
            "base": "BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE"
          },
          {
            "id": "silo",
            "label": "Silo",
            "kind": "section",
            "base": "-80'-6\" FLOOR- LAUNCH TUBE",
            "levels": [
              {
                "ft": 0,
                "text": "0'-0\" TOP OF STRUCTURE"
              },
              {
                "ft": 9.5,
                "text": "-9'-6\" CEILING- LEVEL ONE"
              },
              {
                "ft": 20.5,
                "text": "-20'-6\" FLOOR- LEVEL ONE"
              },
              {
                "ft": 28.5,
                "text": "-28'-6\" FLOOR- LEVEL TWO"
              },
              {
                "ft": 80.5,
                "text": "-80'-6\" FLOOR- LAUNCH TUBE"
              },
              {
                "ft": 84.5,
                "text": "-84'-6\" BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE"
              }
            ],
            "source": "HAER SD-50-C, sheet 1 of 1, Section A-A",
            "says": "The launcher's levels as HAER SD-50-C sheet 1, Section A-A gives them, measured down from the top of the structure (Delta-09, a Minuteman II launch facility, now Minuteman Missile National Historic Site). The missile stands on the drawing's baseline, which is the floor of the launch tube, 80'-6\" down.",
            "title": "SECTION A-A, HAER SD-50-C"
          }
        ],
        "parts": "content/minuteman-parts.json"
      },
      "counter": {
        "_note": "Days since the fact sheet's 'Date deployed: June 1970'. The sheet gives the month only, so the count starts on 1 June 1970 (UTC) and the label says so. under: fact keys shown beneath the digits, each with its label. The sheet gives no silo count and no on-alert count, so neither is here.",
        "fact": "deployed",
        "from": "1970-06-01",
        "label": "Days since June 1970",
        "says": "Counted from 1 June 1970: the fact sheet gives only the month, “Date deployed: June 1970”.",
        "under": [
          {
            "fact": "active_force",
            "label": "Active force"
          }
        ]
      },
      "coda": "What the crew does with it is not on this site.",
      "sources": [
        "USAF fact sheet, \"LGM-30G Minuteman III\", current as of February 2019: diameter, weight, power plant, date deployed, inventory. https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104466/lgm-30g-minuteman-iii/ ; read from the Internet Archive capture of 31 December 2025, https://web.archive.org/web/20251231163055/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104466/lgm-30g-minuteman-iii/ (retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build).",
        "USAF fact sheet, \"LGM-30G Minuteman III\", posted 26 July 2010: the length, which later versions omit. http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=113 ; read from the Internet Archive capture of 14 December 2012, https://web.archive.org/web/20121214014142/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=113 (retrieved 2026-09-25, not fetched by the build).",
        {
          "title": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1",
          "sheet": "sheet 4 of 4, \"Perspective\"",
          "year": "1997",
          "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=4",
          "full": "HAER CO-84, Minuteman III ICBM Launch Control Facility November-1 (NPS, 1997; Library of Congress, HAER COLO,62-NERAY.V,1-, loc.gov/item/co0475), sheet 4 of 4, \"Perspective\": the 57'-0\" dimension beside its access shaft, surface to the bottom of the structure; the drawing's capsule reference. loc.gov/resource/hhh.co0475.sheet/?sp=4"
        },
        {
          "title": "HAER SD-50-C, Ellsworth AFB, Delta Flight, Launch Facility (Delta-09)",
          "sheet": "sheet 1 of 1",
          "year": "",
          "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.sd0076.sheet/?sp=1",
          "full": "HAER SD-50-C, Ellsworth Air Force Base, Delta Flight, Launch Facility, On County Road T512, south of Exit 116 off I-90, Interior, Jackson County, SD (Minuteman II ICBM, Delta Nine; NPS, delineated by Gary R. Stephens, Rocky Mountain Regional Office, Denver; Library of Congress, loc.gov/item/sd0076), sheet 1 of 1: the Launch Facility Delta-09 Cut-Away Axonometric and its 52 labels (the drawing above), the Launch Facility Site Plan beside it (the fence measured against its feet scale bar), and Section A-A, whose six levels are the scale drawing's silo ticks. loc.gov/resource/hhh.sd0076.sheet/?sp=1"
        },
        "Photo: U.S. Air Force photo 090413-F-1234S-004, National Museum of the United States Air Force image gallery (\"Boeing LGM-30G Minuteman III\"); the museum's caption: a maintainer with a Minuteman III in a silo about 60 miles from Grand Forks AFB, N.D., 1989. The museum serves a landscape crop; the page serves the full portrait frame from Daniel's copy. Public domain.",
        "Exploded view: \"Minuteman Weapon System History and Description\", ICBM System Program Office (SPO), Ogden Air Logistics Center, Hill AFB, Utah (prepared by the ICBM Prime Team, TRW Systems), July 2001, p.34, \"LGM 30G OPERATIONAL MISSILE\", traced to line; the cards' feature lines from p.33, \"Minuteman III Major Features\". Supplied by Daniel Frenkel, retrieved 2026-09-26.",
        "HD 2001: Minuteman Weapon System History and Description, prepared for the ICBM System Program Office, Hill AFB, Utah, by TRW, July 2001, pp. 7, 93 (the printed page numbers): the launcher closure door (p. 7) and the missile suspension system within the launch tube (p. 93). Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by Hans M. Kristensen.",
        "NPS HRS: National Park Service, The Missile Plains: Frontline of America's Cold War, Historic Resource Study, Minuteman Missile National Historic Site (Mead & Hunt, 2003), pp. 17, 26, 28, 31, 88 (the printed page numbers): liquid fuel loaded just before launch (p. 17); solid fuel, and a missile designed to stand unattended and endure long periods in storage (pp. 26, 28, 31); Delta-09's missile suspension on coil spring-type shock absorbers (p. 88). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-I29-PURL-gpo247167/pdf/GOVPUB-I29-PURL-gpo247167.pdf (retrieved 2026-10-01, not fetched by the build)",
        "Ours: \"the missile at scale\" names this page's own scale drawing (below). No external source."
      ],
      "image_first_narrow": true,
      "image": {
        "src": "assets/img/mm3-silo-grand-forks-1989.jpg",
        "width": 733,
        "height": 1098,
        "full": {
          "src": "assets/img/full/090413-F-1234S-004.jpg",
          "width": 1202,
          "height": 1800
        },
        "alt": "The nose of a Minuteman III seen from above in its silo; a maintainer in a white hard hat stands on a work platform beside it.",
        "caption": "",
        "credit": "A maintainer looks over a Minuteman III in a silo about 60 miles from Grand Forks AFB, N.D., in 1989. U.S. Air Force photo (090413-F-1234S-004), National Museum of the United States Air Force. Public domain."
      },
      "drawing": {
        "id": "haer-sd50c",
        "place": "after",
        "src": "assets/img/haer-sd50c-axonometric.png",
        "width": 2400,
        "height": 2215,
        "labels": "content/missile-sd50c-axon.json",
        "alt": "HAER SD-50-C sheet 1, Launch Facility Delta-09 Cut-Away Axonometric: the launcher cut away from the surface down, its equipment rooms and launch tube, the launch support building beside it, and the fenced site, with their labels",
        "caption": "Launch Facility Delta-09, Delta Flight, Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota — a Minuteman II site, recorded by HAER (Gary R. Stephens, NPS Rocky Mountain Regional Office) before it became part of Minuteman Missile National Historic Site. Public domain.",
        "beside": {
          "src": "assets/img/haer-sd50c-site-plan.png",
          "width": 1200,
          "height": 906,
          "alt": "HAER SD-50-C sheet 1, Launch Facility Site Plan: the fenced rectangle of the launch facility, the launcher and the launch support building inside it, the access road leaving to the south, and a north arrow",
          "caption": "Launch Facility Site Plan (1\" = 40'-0\"). The security fence: about 278 ft × 176 ft, measured from the drawing's scale."
        },
        "caption_narrow": "The parts worth knowing: the launcher, the launch tube, the launcher closure (the silo's door) and the launch equipment room, upper and lower levels (LER-1 and LER-2 on the sheet). The launcher closure and the equipment rooms are in the full drawing.",
        "detail": {
          "file": "haer-sd50c-axonometric-detail.jpg",
          "box": [910, 645, 1648, 1600],
          "width": 738,
          "height": 955,
          "alt": "Detail of HAER SD-50-C sheet 1, Launch Facility Delta-09 Cut-Away Axonometric: the launcher cut away, its equipment room's floors, and the launch tube below it with the missile suspension system, with their labels"
        }
      },
      "exploded": {
        "src": "content/mm3-exploded.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "tab": "instrument",
      "label": "Binder 7",
      "heading": "The device",
      "hidden": true,
      "_copy": "Ruled 2026-10-01 (landing-text ruling, item 4, and the review of #85): ours, no external source needed. The latency figure is the computed line under the clock, not the copy.",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Missileer is a small round display that copies the traffic on 11175 kHz as it is heard and keeps Zulu time the way the capsule does. The latest EAM, the preamble big and the string beneath it, with the clock above everything.",
        "It is fed by the same station as this page, so what it shows is what you see here."
      ],
      "device": {
        "clock": true,
        "latency_min": 7.0,
        "photo": "pending: the product photo (clock screen). Not drawn until it lands; no placeholder."
      },
      "sources": [
        "Zulu clock: this page's own clock, in UTC, drawn with the site's seven-segment renderer (the mockup's, docs/mockup/capsule.html), the digits and red of the device.",
        "Modelled on the capsule's Zulu clock, the red clock above the binders, which the crew checks every day against the U.S. Naval Observatory's master clock, to the second. Clock detail: Daniel Frenkel, 321st Missile Squadron, 2012–2016.",
        "Latency: status.json latency_min, written by valar-eam-feed's public export. For every served message with a clip in the window (latency_window_days, 30), delay = ingested_at - (clip start + voice_start_s); the line shows the median. Before status.json carries it, this binder's own latency_min is used.",
        "Ours: the copy above is this site's own description of its device; no external source."
      ]
    },
    {
      "tab": "red",
      "label": "Binder 8",
      "heading": "Who built this",
      "anchor": "who-built-this",
      "flip": true,
      "paragraphs": [
        "I'm Daniel Frenkel. I was a missileer from 2012 to 2016 — a combat crew member with the 321st Missile Squadron at F.E. Warren, pulling alerts in the field shown on The missile sites map above. The photo is from a mass brief in March 2013. I'm in it.",
        "I hated the job, but I'm proud of it. It was a grind. I was always tired, bored, or stressed, usually two of the three. You train for years to do absolutely nothing: sit in a capsule in your sweatpants and wait. That is not a fulfilling way to spend your twenties. The food was good and cheap, though — three big meals a day — which is why most of us put on weight out there.",
        "What was worth it: the friends, the adventure of the whole thing, and the responsibility. Being handed that much of it at 23 is something I still haven't found anywhere else.",
        "I've (thankfully) been out for a while now. It was only recently that I learned the same traffic goes out over shortwave — 11175 kHz to anyone with a radio. Nobody ever told us that. Four years in the capsule and I'd never heard an EAM read aloud until I was a civilian with a Kiwi receiver open in a browser. Missileer is something I made to share my pride in the job: a small round display that copies the traffic on 11175 as it's heard, and keeps Zulu time the way the capsule does.",
        "To correct a copy, pick the message, listen, and tap Correct this copy under it (you'll need to sign in). For anything else — you were a missileer, you heard something on 11175 you can't place, or you'd like a Missileer device of your own — write to me at hello@missileer.watch. Please don't send anything that isn't already public."
      ],
      "image": {
        "src": "assets/img/321ms-mass-brief-2013.jpg",
        "width": 1100,
        "height": 733,
        "full": {
          "src": "assets/img/full/321ms-mass-brief-2013.jpg",
          "width": 2400,
          "height": 1600
        },
        "alt": "A mass brief of missile crew members, 321st Missile Squadron, F.E. Warren AFB, March 2013",
        "caption": "Mass brief, 321st Missile Squadron, F.E. Warren AFB, 25 March 2013. Every crew going to the field that day is in this room.",
        "credit": "U.S. Air Force photo by 2nd Lt. Christen Downing, 90th Missile Wing Public Affairs. Public domain."
      }
    }
  ]
}